# Technology Stack

**Analysis Date:** 2026-07-29

## Languages

**Primary:**
- Rust 2021 edition - Backend server (Archipelago daemon, container orchestrator)
- TypeScript 5.9 - Frontend (Vue components, application code)
- Vue 3 (TypeScript) - UI framework and reactive components
- Python 3.13 - Reticulum mesh daemon (RNS/LXMF protocols)

**Secondary:**
- JavaScript - Build scripts, mock backend (`neode-ui/mock-backend.js`), test utilities
- YAML - Configuration (docker-compose, app manifests)
- Shell - Build scripts, deployment helpers

## Runtime

**Environment:**
- Rust (1.70+) - Native compiled binaries
- Node.js 22 (Alpine-based containers) - Frontend dev/build, mock backend
- Python 3.13 - Reticulum daemon runtime
- Tokio async runtime (v1, full features) - Async server runtime

**Package Manager:**
- npm (v10+) - JavaScript dependencies
- Cargo (v1.70+) - Rust dependencies
- pip - Python dependencies (Reticulum stack)
- Lockfiles: `neode-ui/package-lock.json`, `core/Cargo.lock`

## Frameworks

**Core:**
- Tokio (v1) - Async Rust runtime, full features (networking, signals, sync primitives)
- Vue 3 (v3.5) - Progressive web framework with TypeScript support
- Hyper (v0.14) - HTTP/1 server framework with WebSocket support
- Reticulum (v1.3.5) - Mesh networking protocol stack
- LXMF (v1.0.1) - Lightweight message format protocol

**HTTP & WebSocket:**
- Hyper v0.14 (HTTP/1, full features) - Core HTTP server
- Hyper-util v0.1 - HTTP utilities
- Tower v0.5 - Middleware and service composing
- Tower-http v0.6 - CORS, tracing middleware
- Hyper-ws-listener v0.3 - WebSocket upgrade handler
- Tokio-tungstenite v0.20 - WebSocket client/server implementation
- Reqwest v0.11 - HTTP client (with rustls-tls, SOCKS proxy support, JSON)

**Frontend Build:**
- Vite v7.2 - Build tool and dev server
- Vue-tsc v3.1 - TypeScript compilation for Vue
- Tailwind CSS v3.4 - Utility-first CSS framework
- Autoprefixer v10.4 - CSS vendor prefixes
- PostCSS v8.5 - CSS processing

**Testing:**
- Vitest v3.1 - Unit test runner (Vite-native)
- Playwright v1.58 - E2E testing (browser automation)
- @vue/test-utils v2.4 - Vue component testing
- JSDOM v25 - DOM implementation for tests
- Tokio-test v0.4 - Async Rust test utilities

**PWA:**
- Vite-plugin-pwa v1.2 - Progressive Web App support
- Workbox integration - Service worker caching strategies

## Key Dependencies

**Critical:**
- bitcoin v0.32.5 - Bitcoin library (with rand-std feature for BIP-39/BIP-32)
- bip39 v2.1.0 - Mnemonic seed generation
- nostr-sdk v0.44 - Nostr protocol (NIP-04, NIP-44 encrypted messaging)
- mainline v2 - BitTorrent DHT (did:dht decentralized identity)
- reticulum v1.3.5 - Mesh networking protocol
- lxmf v1.0.1 - Lightweight message format

**Cryptography:**
- ed25519-dalek v2.2 - Ed25519 digital signatures (with rand_core)
- curve25519-dalek v4.1 - X25519 elliptic curve (key agreement)
- blake3 v1 - BLAKE3 hash function
- bcrypt v0.15 - Password hashing
- sha2 v0.10 - SHA-256 hashing
- hmac v0.12 - HMAC authentication
- argon2 v0.5 - Argon2 password hashing
- chacha20poly1305 v0.10 - AEAD encryption
- zeroize v1.8 - Secure memory wiping

**Authentication & Identity:**
- uuid v1.0 - UUID generation (v4)
- totp-rs v5.7 - TOTP 2FA (with otpauth, gen_secret)
- qrcode v0.14 - QR code generation (server-side)

**Data Serialization:**
- serde v1.0 - Serialization framework (with derive)
- serde_json v1.0 - JSON codec
- serde_yaml v0.9 - YAML codec
- ciborium v0.2 - CBOR encoding/decoding
- serde_bytes v0.11 - Efficient byte serialization
- toml v0.8 - TOML config parsing

**Networking & Mesh:**
- mdns-sd v0.18 - mDNS service discovery
- serial2-tokio v0.1 - Serial port communication (LoRa radios over USB)
- socket2 v0.5 - Low-level socket options (IPv6_V6ONLY for dual-stack)
- libc v0.2 - Process group signaling

**Compression & Archives:**
- tar v0.4 - TAR archive creation
- flate2 v1.0 - gzip compression
- zip v2.0 - ZIP archive handling (LoRa firmware flashing)
- reed-solomon-erasure v6.0 - Erasure coding (Phase 2 mesh transport)
- hkdf v0.12 - HKDF key derivation (Phase 3 encrypted mesh)

**Utilities:**
- anyhow v1.0 - Error handling
- thiserror v1.0 - Error types with derive macros
- tracing v0.1 - Structured logging
- tracing-subscriber v0.3 - Log filtering and formatting
- regex v1.10 - Pattern matching
- chrono v0.4 - Date/time handling
- hex v0.4 - Hex encoding/decoding
- bs58 v0.5 - Base58 encoding (Bitcoin addresses)
- base64 v0.21 - Base64 encoding
- zbase32 v0.1 - Z-base-32 encoding (DHT)
- data-encoding v2.6 - Multiple encoding schemes
- bytes v1 - Efficient byte buffer
- futures-util v0.3 - Async utilities
- http-body-util v0.1 - HTTP body utilities
- http-body v1.0 - HTTP body abstractions
- indexmap v2.0 - Ordered maps
- async-trait v0.1 - Async trait methods
- sd-notify v0.4 - Systemd watchdog notification

**Infrastructure (Optional):**
- iroh v1 (optional, feature-gated) - QUIC-based peer swarm engine (Phase 2)
- iroh-blobs v0.103 (optional, feature-gated) - Content addressable storage provider

## Configuration

**Environment:**
- Config file: `config/archipelago.toml` or `$DATA_DIR/config.yml`
- Runtime options: Docker/Podman selection, dev/prod modes, FIPS anchor selection, Nostr discovery
- Key env vars: `ARCHIPELAGO_DATA_DIR`, `ARCHIPELAGO_LOG_LEVEL`, `CONTAINER_RUNTIME`, `NOSTR_DISCOVERY_ENABLED`, `NOSTR_RELAYS`, `NOSTR_TOR_PROXY`

**Build:**
- Cargo workspace at `core/` (5 members: archipelago, container, openwrt, performance, security)
- Release profile: opt-level 3
- Dev profile: opt-level 0
- Test profile: opt-level 3
- Cross-compilation: aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu via `.cargo/config.toml`

**Frontend Build:**
- Vite config: `neode-ui/vite.config.ts` (development port 8100, production build to `../web/dist/neode-ui`)
- TypeScript config: `neode-ui/tsconfig.json`
- Module path alias: `@` → `src/`

## Platform Requirements

**Development:**
- Rust 1.70+ with Cargo
- Node.js 22+ with npm
- Python 3.13+ (for Reticulum daemon)
- Docker or Podman (for local app testing)
- rustup target: `aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu` (for ARM64 cross-compilation)
- gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu (for cross-compilation toolchain on Linux hosts)

**Production:**
- Deployment target: Debian/Alpine Linux (rootless Podman)
- Binary output: `/usr/local/bin/archipelago` (sideloaded or via Quadlet systemd units)
- Frontend served: nginx with Vite-built SPA (PWA manifest, service worker, CORS proxies)
- Database support: Optional (SQLx with SQLite driver available but commented out)

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*Stack analysis: 2026-07-29*