Incident — 2026-09-15: Minibits Cashu claim stuck retrying an already-redeemed token

Report

User: "The cashu server is unable to get it's tokens from nostr on [affected node]" — clarified as the Cashu client wallet (Minibits @minibits.cash Lightning-address receive flow), not a mint server. UI showed: "a payment arrived but couldn't be redeemed yet (1)".

Root cause

wallet::minibits::claim_and_redeem (core/archipelago/src/wallet/minibits.rs) polls Nostr relays for NIP-04-encrypted Cashu tokens sent to the node's @minibits.cash address, decrypts them, and redeems them at the mint. A token that fails to redeem is kept in MinibitsState.pending_claims and retried on the next poll — by design, so a transient failure (mint briefly down, decrypt hiccup) never drops real money.

But one queued claim had already been redeemed (mint error 11001 "Token Already Spent" — most likely double-delivered by the relay, or redeemed by an earlier run before a crash lost track of it). That's a terminal condition, not a transient one: the code didn't distinguish the two, so it retried the same dead claim every ~6 seconds forever:

WARN archipelago::wallet::ecash: Failed to swap proofs from mint https://mint.minibits.cash/Bitcoin:
     This ecash has already been redeemed — it can't be claimed twice.: {"code":11001,"detail":"Token Already Spent"}
WARN archipelago::wallet::minibits: Minibits claim decrypted but failed to redeem (...); will retry next poll

Confirmed via sudo journalctl -u archipelago.service on the affected node, and via /var/lib/archipelago/wallet/minibits.json, which had exactly one pending_claims entry. Each poll also unconditionally queried all three CLAIM_RELAY_URLS (relay.minibits.cash, relay.damus.io, nos.lol) instead of the primary relay only, adding needless churn and leaking the wallet's Nostr pubkey to two relays it didn't need to touch — relay.damus.io was additionally failing NIP-42 auth / 503ing on every poll.

No funds were at risk — an already-redeemed token has zero remaining value. The only symptom was a permanently stuck "couldn't be redeemed yet" banner and wasted relay connections.

Why this had already been "fixed" once and came back

This exact bug (terminal-11001 handling + relay-query reduction) was fixed on 2026-09-09 on branch feat/minibits-lnurl-receive (commits 4e410d7, 489995c) and pushed to origin. That branch was never merged into main. main carries its own, independently-diverged rewrite of minibits.rs that never got those two hardening fixes. The affected node OTA'd to 1.8.16-alpha (built from main) earlier on 2026-09-15, so the bug resurfaced on the first replayed/double-delivered claim after that update.

Fix

Two parts:

1. Immediate unstick (affected node, operational, no code change)

Backed up /var/lib/archipelago/wallet/minibits.json.
Stopped archipelago.service, emptied pending_claims ([]) in the state file, restarted the service.
Verified via journalctl that polling resumed cleanly with no further "already been redeemed" warnings.

2. Code fix, ported into `main`

core/archipelago/src/wallet/mint_client.rs: exposed the existing NUT error-code-11001 translation as a public constant, ALREADY_REDEEMED_MSG, and a typed AlreadyRedeemed condition identified only by the structured mint error code. Remote text cannot impersonate it.
core/archipelago/src/wallet/minibits.rs:
- Added is_already_redeemed(&anyhow::Error) -> bool, checking the error chain for the typed AlreadyRedeemed condition. The ecash receive path preserves it only when all failed mint entries report already-spent proofs; mixed terminal/transient failures remain retryable.
- In the claim redeem loop, a redeem failure matching is_already_redeemed is now dropped (logged at info!, not retried) instead of being pushed back onto pending_claims. Every other failure still retries next poll, unchanged.
- fetch_relay_dms now connects to RELAY_URL (the Minibits relay) alone first via try_connect_relay, and only adds the two public fallback relays (relay.damus.io, nos.lol) if that primary relay is unreachable. Also paginates the DM fetch (200/page, capped at 5 pages) backward with an inclusive until boundary. The cursor persists across polls when capped or interrupted, independently of the forward watermark. A full same-second boundary is fetched with a larger limit rather than skipped, so multiple payments sharing a timestamp remain reachable.

Deliberately not ported from the unmerged branch: its STATE_LOCK skip-if-busy guard and per-claim attempt-count backstop. main's existing MINIBITS_STATE_LOCK already fully serializes claim polls (blocks rather than skips — a different but equally valid way to close the same race), and an attempt-count backstop would have required reshaping the PendingClaim enum for marginal extra protection beyond what the 11001 fix already covers.

Verification

cargo build -p archipelago — clean, no new warnings.
cargo test -p archipelago --bin archipelago wallet::minibits — existing suite still green (see PR/commit for the run).
Live on the affected node: claim poll loop confirmed quiet post-unstick (only relay.minibits.cash connects logged, no redeem-failure warnings).

Lesson (recorded in memory)

A fix that lives only on an unmerged feature branch is not a fix that's actually deployed. Before trusting a memory or changelog claim that something "shipped," check which branch the running/released build was built from (git log <branch>..main / main..<branch>) rather than assuming a pushed branch was merged.

Pre-merge review regressions

A 450-event newest-first backlog is completely fetched.
250 distinct payments sharing one timestamp are preserved.
A 1,300-event backlog resumes after the five-page cap and a state reload.
An interrupted relay fetch retains its unfinished cursor.
Only structured error 11001 is terminal, including when errors are wrapped; remote free text and mixed mint failures cannot discard a retryable claim.

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